當骨頭斷裂時,新骨自然開始形成,並且發生骨癒合以治愈骨折。使用骨骼的聯合屬性應用延長。它通過從指定區域折斷骨骼並在最佳水平分離骨折端而發生。因此,新骨繼續在分離區域的空間中形成。當腔內充滿新的骨組織並完成結合時,就達到了所需的骨延長水平。

延長手術

在延長手術期間應用截骨術(截骨術)。截骨術是從手術確定的區域切割骨頭。骨頭分離後,使用內部或外部固定器進行穩定和延長。

手術後,患者需住院 5 至 7 天。延期通常不會在此期間開始。延期將在手術後 5 至 7 天開始。手術後和延長開始前的時間稱為潛伏期。為了在骨折部位開始形成癒傷組織(新骨),需要等待幾天才能延長。

分心階段

牽引階段是骨骼伸長的時期。在此期間,外固定器或內固定器會逐漸將骨骼每天延長一毫米左右。

延長是用外固定器手動完成的,延長量約為每天一毫米 (mm),但延長可以更慢或更快,具體取決於骨骼和軟組織的耐受性和並發症。為了使延長更容易忍受,每天延長一毫米分為四次。四分之一毫米延長在一天中的特定時間總共應用四次。

使用外部遙控 (ERC) 設備使用內釘(Precice 2 和 STRYDE)進行加長。外科醫生和設備專家會教患者如何使用遙控器。通常每四分之一毫米的延長是每天增加 1 毫米。

在延長期間,可能會出現組織緊張、步態障礙、疼痛和腫脹等情況。需要物理治療來預防這些並發症。物理治療是延長過程中最重要的組成部分之一,通常建議每週進行五天。除了物理治療外,患者自己進行的家庭鍛煉也很重要。給出的鍛煉計劃應該完全應用。

鞏固階段

當患者達到所需長度時,鞏固階段開始。鞏固過程是延伸結束與形成的新骨組織完全結合之間的時期。固定器無需進一步調整或加長。固定器或內釘在體內使用,直到軟骨組織恢復其原來的硬度,才會繼續保持支撐。

在鞏固過程中應繼續進行物理治療和鍛煉。就恢復的速度和質量而言,不應放棄鍛煉。當實現完全癒合併且醫生通過查看 X 射線確認這一點時,可以進行內釘或外固定器移除手術。

About the Author: Prof. Dr. Mustafa Uysal

Avatar of Prof. Dr. Mustafa Uysal
Prof. Dr. Mustafa UYSAL was born in 1972. After completing his education at Aydin Gazipaşa Middle School 1983-1986, he studied his bachelor's degree at one of the most prestigious universities, Istanbul University, Cerrapaşa Faculty of Medicine (English Department) between 1990-1997. After his graduation, continued his education in both Istanbul University's Medical School, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology and in Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Baskent University School of Medicine. After having experience in the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department in Baskent University's Medical School between 2009-2019 years, has started to work in the private Adatip Sakarya Hospital between 2019 and 2020. The professor is currently employed at Sakarya's private Medar hospital. He has been using the latest technologies both for deformity corrections and orthopedic surgeries such as hip replacement, scoliosis, and knee replacement. Furthermore, he has been performing limb lengthening surgeries both for functional and cosmetic reasons since the early 2000's. The Professor has attended a training program in the Paley Institute, and he has not only published many articles on himself and also in the global framework. He has participated in a book that can be defined as a precious global guide that has the contents of Mr. Dr. Dror Paley's as well, called "Basic Techniques for Extremity Reconstruction." The doctor, for his part, has highlighted the Ilizarov technique's osteotomy rules and types, as well as the treatment of complications.
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